The World Bank has published an account of the links between conflict and extreme poverty. It notes that two billion people now live in countries where development outcomes are affected by fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV), Somalia being an obvious example. Currently 17% of the global extreme poor live in conflict-affected situations, but this is expected to rise to almost 50% by 2030.

The World Bank also says that conflicts drive 80% of all humanitarian needs, while they reduce GDP growth by two percentage points per year, on average. It says that climate change, rising inequality, demographic change, new technologies, illicit financial flows and other global trends are inter-connected and can cause further instability. The World Bank also highlights the issue of forced displacement, by the end of 2015 there were 65 million refugees and internally displaced , with 95% living in developing countries and over half displaced for more than four years. The root of this problem are the same 10 conflicts which have accounted for the majority of the forcibly displaced every year since 1991, consistently hosted by about 15 countries.

See World Bank

The World Bank has also published, “Forcibly Displaced : Toward a Development Approach Supporting Refugees, the Internally Displaced, and Their Hosts”. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2016.